Cellulaseis any one of a number of enzymes produced mainly by fungi, bacteria,and some protozoans, which catalyze the decomposition of celluloseand other polysaccharides found in plant, animal, and human cells.Sigma-Aldrich is a major producer of cellulase in Germany. Theseenzymes are used for commercial food processing in coffee and intextile industry and in laundry detergents.
Cellulasecan be produced by various enzymes and not just by fungi. Someplants, for example, contain cellulase. Fungi that do not producecellulase are an exception. It is also possible for some non-sporesto contain cellulase, such as green algae. All living organismscontain cellulase and it is produced by all forms of these organisms.When there is decay in the cell wall of plant cells and cellulose isthe material that is broken down, cellulase is produced by somefungi. In the case of microorganisms that do not produce cellulase,some form of it must be produced by the bacteria that consume it. Inboth cases, when the concentration of cellulase in the cyst formsrises above the level at which it can perform its catalytic function,a reaction occurs that leads to the formation of a cellulose cyst. Inother words, the bacteria are breaking down something that they needfor life, and in the process they release an organic compound that inboth cases is highly reactive.
Fungithat are important in degrading cellulose and other polysaccharidesare those that live in the colon and the intestines of animals. Ifthe colon and the intestines are infested with a wide variety ofpathogens that do not produce cellulase, these will be drawn into theintestine where they also find their food, and there they multiplyrapidly feeding on the undigested cells within the colon and theintestines. The result is that the animals begin to form large, solidmasses of undigested material which is eventually absorbed into thebloodstream.
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